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--- linux:grundkonfiguration [2007-07-29 10:58]
stefan
+++ linux:grundkonfiguration [2014-04-05 11:42] (aktuell)
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-====== Postfix mit MySQL-Unterstützung ======
+====== Grundkonfiguration des Systems ======
-  * Pakete installieren (MySQL und Postfix)
+===== Verschiedenes =====
-    * <code bash>apt-get install mysql-client-5.0 mysql-server-5.0
+  * Alle Pakete updaten
-apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql postfix-tls sasl2-bin libsasl2 libsasl2-modules courier-maildrop courier-authdaemon courier-authlib-mysql</code>
+    * <code bash>apt-get update
-  * Benutzer und Gruppe ''vmail'' anlegen (UID/GID 1500)
+apt-get -u -o APT::Force-LoopBreak=true upgrade</code>
-    * Home-Verzeichnis erstellen: <code bash>mkdir /home/vmail
+  * ''~/bin'' anlegen für eigene Scripts
-chown vmail.vmail /home/vmail
+  * Nützliche Pakete
-chmod 0700 /home/vmail</code>
+    * <code bash>apt-get install bzip2 unzip less patch traceroute ssh vim locate dnsutils host telnet lynx wget make</code>
-  * Zertifikate etc. von alter Installation kopieren oder neu erstellen
+  * Zeiten für automatische Scripts in ''/etc/crontab'' anpassen
-    * smtpd.cert, smtpd.key, /etc/courier/*
-  * repair_postfix
-  * chmod u+s maildrop
-  * maildrop script anlegen maildroprc
-  * /etc/courier
-  * chown vmail maildrop.log
-  * apt-get install courier-pop courier-pop-ssl courier-imap courier-imap-ssl
-  * repair_smtp beim systemstart
+===== Tipps =====
+  * If you just typed in a really long, complicated command and managed to mess it up, you can use fc (fix command) to load said command in your default editor.
+  * Ctrl + A – jump to the beginning of the line
+  * Ctrl + E – jump to the end of the line
+  * Ctrl + U – clear the line
+  * Ctrl + L – clear the screen
+  * Ctrl + W – delete last word
+  * Ctrl + K – delete to the end of the line
+  * Alt + T – swap current word with previous (also Esc, T)
+  * Alt + F – jump one word forward (also Esc, F)
+  * Alt + B – jump one word backward (also Esc, B)
+  * Alt + U – uppercase till the end of line (also Esc, U)
+  * Alt + u – lowercase till the end of line (also Esc, u)
+  * Alt +. – insert last argument (also Esc, .)
+  * Ctrl + R – reverse incremental history search
+  * Ctrl + X, Ctrl + E – open default text editor to edit a command
-===== Konfigurationsdateien =====
+===== ~/.bashrc =====
-==== main.cf ====
+<code bash>export PS1='\u:\w\$ '                 # Prompt anpassen
-<code>myorigin                        = /etc/mailname
+export PATH=${PATH}:~/bin             # eigene Scripts in den PATH
-myhostname                      = v2429.v-server.info
-mydestination                   = localhost.localdomain, v2429.v-server.info, localhost.v-server.info, localhost
-mynetworks                      = 127.0.0.0/8,85.119.152.89/32
-virtual_alias_domains           =
-virtual_alias_maps              = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf
-                                  mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
-virtual_mailbox_domains         = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
-virtual_mailbox_maps            = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
-virtual_mailbox_base            = /home/vmail
-virtual_uid_maps                = static:1500
-virtual_gid_maps                = static:1500
-alias_maps                      = hash:/etc/aliases
+umask 022
-alias_database                  = hash:/etc/aliases
-relayhost                       =
-mailbox_command                 = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
-mailbox_size_limit              = 0
-message_size_limit              = 20480000
-recipient_delimiter             = +
-inet_interfaces                 = all
-inet_protocols                  = ipv4
-smtpd_banner                    = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
+export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'      # 'ls' Ausgabe farbig machen
-biff                            = no
+eval "`dircolors`"
+alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
+alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
+alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
-# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
+alias vi='vim'                        # immer vim nutzen
-append_dot_mydomain             = no
+alias cdsrc='cd /usr/local/src'
-# TLS parameters
+bash -c "echo -ne '\033]0;`hostname`\007'" # send hostname to PuTTY
-smtpd_use_tls                   = yes
-smtpd_tls_cert_file             = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert
-smtpd_tls_key_file              = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key
-smtpd_enforce_tls               = no
-smtpd_tls_auth_only             = yes
-smtpd_tls_session_cache_database= btree:${queue_directory}/smtpd_scache
-smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${queue_directory}/smtp_scache
+# save all the histories
+export HISTFILESIZE = 1000000
+export HISTSIZE = 1000000
-# restrictions
+# don't put duplicate lines or empty spaces in the history
-smtpd_helo_required             = yes
+export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
-disable_vrfy_command            = yes
+# combine multiline commands in history
-smtpd_etrn_restrictions         = reject
+shopt -s cmdhist
-show_user_unknown_table_name    = no
+# merge session histories
+shopt -s histappend
-default_rbl_reply               = $rbl_code RBLTRAP: Your server is listed on a blacklist...
+# enable colors
+eval "`dircolors -b`"
+# force ls to always use color and type indicators
+alias ls ='ls -hF --color=auto'
+# make the dir command work kinda like in windows (long format)
+alias dir ='ls --color=auto --format =long'
+# make grep highlight results using color
+export GREP_OPTIONS ='--color=auto'
+# colorful man pages
+export LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$'\E[01;31m'
+export LESS_TERMCAP_md=$'\E[01;31m'
+export LESS_TERMCAP_me=$'\E[0m'
+export LESS_TERMCAP_se=$'\E[0m'
+# end the info box
+export LESS_TERMCAP_so=$'\E[01;42;30m'
+# begin the info box
+export LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$'\E[0m'
+export LESS_TERMCAP_us =$'\E[01;32m'
-smtpd_client_restrictions       =
+# use colordiff instead of diff if available
+command -v colordiff >/dev/null 2 >&1 && alias diff="colordiff -u"
+# use htop instead of top if installed
+command -v htop >/dev/null 2 >&1 && alias top=htop
+</code>
-smtpd_helo_restrictions         = reject_invalid_hostname,
+===== Vim =====
-                                  #reject_non_fqdn_hostname
+==== ~/.vimrc ====
-                                  #reject_unknown_hostname
+<code>set wrap
+set tabstop=4
+set shiftwidth=4
+set expandtab
+set autoindent
+set wildchar=<Tab>
+set nonumber
+set foldmethod=marker
+set hidden
+set wmh=0
+filetype on</code>
-smtpd_sender_restrictions       = reject_non_fqdn_sender,
+==== /etc/vim/vimrc ====
-                                  # reject_rbl_client relays.ordb.org,
+<code>" This line should not be removed as it ensures that various options are
-                                  # reject_unknown_sender_domain
+" properly set to work with the Vim-related packages available in Debian.
+runtime! debian.vim
-smtpd_recipient_restrictions    = permit_mynetworks,
+syntax on
-                                  permit_sasl_authenticated,
-                                  reject_unauth_destination,
-                                  reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
-                                  reject_unknown_recipient_domain
-smtpd_data_restrictions         = reject_unauth_pipelining
+set autoindent         " always set autoindenting on
+set textwidth=0        " Don't wrap words by default
+set nobackup           " Don't keep a backup file
+set viminfo='20,\"50   " read/write a .viminfo file, don't store more than 50 lines of registers
+set history=50         " keep 50 lines of command line history
+set ruler              " show the cursor position all the time
+set nopaste
+set pastetoggle=<F2>
-# SASL
+" Suffixes that get lower priority when doing tab completion for filenames.
-smtpd_sasl_auth_enable          = yes
+" These are files we are not likely to want to edit or read.
-smtpd_sasl_security_options     = noanonymous
+set suffixes=.bak,~,.swp,.o,.info,.aux,.log,.dvi,.bbl,.blg,.brf,.cb,.ind,.idx,.ilg,.inx,.out,.toc
-smtpd_sasl_local_domain         =
-smtp_sasl_auth_enable           = no
-broken_sasl_auth_clients        = yes
-maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
+" If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting
-virtual_transport = maildrop</code>
+" turn on this option as well
+set background=dark
-==== master.cf ====
+" Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when
-<code>maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
+" reopening a file
-  flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${user}@${nexthop}
+if has("autocmd")
-        ${sender} ${recipient} ${extension} ${user} ${nexthop}</code>
+  au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 0 && line("'\"") <= line("$")
+    \| exe "normal g'\"" | endif
+endif
-==== sasl/smtpd.conf ====
+" Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules according to the
-<code>pwcheck_method: auxprop
+" detected filetype. Per default Debian Vim only load filetype specific
-auxprop_plugin: sql
+" plugins.
-mech_list: plain login cram-md5 digest-md5
+if has("autocmd")
-sql_engine: mysql
+  filetype plugin on
-sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1
+  filetype indent on
-sql_user: mail
+endif
-sql_passwd: password
-sql_database: mail
-sql_select: select password from users where email='%u@%r'</code>
-==== mysql-virtual_domains.cf ====
+" The following are commented out as they cause vim to behave a lot
-<code>user = mail
+" differently from regular Vi. They are highly recommended though.
-password = password
+set showcmd         " Show (partial) command in status line.
-dbname = mail
+set showmatch       " Show matching brackets.
-table = domains
+set ignorecase      " Do case insensitive matching
-select_field = 'virtual'
+"set smartcase      " Do smart case matching
-where_field = domain
+set incsearch       " Incremental search
-hosts = unix:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock</code>
+set autowrite       " Automatically save before commands like :next and :make
+"set hidden         " Hide buffers when they are abandoned
+"set mouse=a        " Enable mouse usage (all modes) in terminals
+set hlsearch
-==== mysql-virtual_email2email.cf ====
+" Konfiguration für Syntax Highlighting => HTML
-<code>user = mail
+let use_xhtml = 1
-password = password
+let html_number_lines = 1
-dbname = mail
+let html_use_css = 1</code>
-table = users
-select_field = email
-where_field = email
-hosts = unix:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock</code>
+===== logrotate =====
-==== mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf ====
+Meine Logfiles werden mit //logrotate// wöchentlich gesichert und zwar in das Verzeichnis eines hierfür angelegten FTP-Benutzers. So kann ich die Logs regelmäßig auf meinem Heim-PC sichern.
-<code>user = mail
+Eine Konfigurationsdatei für logrotate für die Systemmeldungen sieht z.B. so aus:
-password = password
+<code ini>
-dbname = mail
+/var/log/syslog
-table = forwardings
+/var/log/messages {
-select_field = destination
+        olddir /home/ftp/backup/logs/syslog
-where_field = source
+        weekly
-hosts = unix:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock</code>
+        missingok
+        rotate 52
-==== mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf ====
+        compress
-<code>user = mail
+        delaycompress
-password = password
+        notifempty
-dbname = mail
+        create 700 ftpuser ftpusers
-table = users
+        sharedscripts
-select_field = CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',-1),'/',SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',1),'/')
-where_field = email
-hosts = unix:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock</code>
-==== /etc/maildroprc ====
-<code>DEFAULT="$HOME/Maildir/"
-logfile "/var/log/maildrop.log"
-SENDER="$1"
-RECIPIENT="$2"
-EXTENSION="$3"
-USER=tolower("$4")
-DOMAIN=tolower("$5")
-INBOXDIR="$HOME/$DOMAIN/$USER"
-`test -d $INBOXDIR/`
-if ($RETURNCODE != 0)
-{
-        `mkdir -p $INBOXDIR`
-        `rmdir $INBOXDIR`
-        `/usr/bin/maildirmake $INBOXDIR`
 }
+</code>
-to "$INBOXDIR/"</code>
-==== /etc/courier/authdaemonrc ====
-<code>authmodulelist="authmysql"
-authmodulelistorig="authuserdb authpam authpgsql authldap authmysql authcustom authpipe"
-daemons=5
-authdaemonvar=/var/run/courier/authdaemon
-DEBUG_LOGIN=0
-DEFAULTOPTIONS=""
-LOGGEROPTS=""</code>
-==== /etc/courier/authmodulelist ====
-<code>authdaemon</code>
-==== /etc/courier/authmysqlrc ====
-<code>MYSQL_SERVER            localhost
-MYSQL_USERNAME          mail
-MYSQL_PASSWORD          password
-MYSQL_SOCKET            /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
-MYSQL_OPT               0
-MYSQL_DATABASE          mail
-MYSQL_USER_TABLE        users
-MYSQL_CLEAR_PWFIELD     password
-MYSQL_UID_FIELD         1500
-MYSQL_GID_FIELD         1500
-MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD       email
-MYSQL_HOME_FIELD        "/home/vmail"
-MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD     CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',-1),'/',SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',1),'/')</code>
-==== /etc/courier/maildropmysql.config ====
-<code>hostname             localhost
-socket               /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
-database             mail
-dbuser               mail
-dbpw                 password
-dbtable              users
-default_uidnumber    1500
-default_gidnumber    1500
-uid_field            email
-uidnumber_field      uid
-gidnumber_field      gid
-maildir_field        maildir
-homedirectory_field  homedir
-quota_field          quota
-mailstatus_field     postfix
-where_clause         AND postfix = 'Y'
-logfile              /var/log/maildrop.log</code>
-===== Datenbanktabellen =====
-<code sql>CREATE TABLE `domains` (
-  `domain` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-  PRIMARY KEY  (`domain`)
-) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `forwardings`;
-CREATE TABLE `forwardings` (
-  `source` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
-  `destination` text NOT NULL,
-  PRIMARY KEY  (`source`)
-) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-CREATE TABLE `users` (
-  `email` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
-  `password` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
-  PRIMARY KEY  (`email`)
-) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-GRANT all privileges on mail.* TO mail@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
-GRANT all privileges on mail.* TO mail@127.0.0.1 IDENTIFIED BY 'password';</code>

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